How Many Types of Court Cases Are There in India? | Complete Guide
In India, court cases are broadly divided based on the nature of the dispute. Every case filed in any court—Civil Court, Criminal Court, Family Court, High Court, or Tribunal—falls under one of the following major categories.
1. Criminal Cases
Cases related to offences against the State or society.
Examples: Theft, cheating, assault, NDPS, POCSO, 498A, cyber crimes, cheque bounce (NI 138), bail, anticipatory bail, quash, discharge.
2. Civil Cases
Disputes between individuals or organisations.
Examples: Property disputes, injunction suits, partition, declaration, specific performance, recovery of money, rent control cases.
3. Family & Matrimonial Cases
Handled mainly in Family Courts.
Examples: Divorce, maintenance (125 CrPC), child custody, domestic violence (DV Act), restitution of conjugal rights, guardianship.
4. Consumer Cases
Filed before Consumer Commissions.
Examples: Deficiency of service, real-estate disputes, insurance issues, faulty products, online purchase complaints.
5. Labour & Industrial Cases
Related to employer–employee disputes.
Examples: Illegal termination, back wages, gratuity, bonus, industrial disputes.
6. Corporate & Commercial Cases
Handled in commercial courts and NCLT.
Examples: Insolvency (IBC), company law disputes, shareholder issues, partnership matters.
7. Taxation Cases
Disputes relating to government taxes.
Examples: GST appeals, Income Tax appeals, Customs & Excise matters.
8. Revenue & Land Matters
Cases before Tahsildar, RDO, Collector & Revenue Courts.
Examples: Mutation, pattadar passbook issues, land survey disputes.
9. Writ Petitions (High Court)
Public law and constitutional remedies.
Examples: Mandamus, habeas corpus, government orders, service matters, police inaction.
10. Service & Administrative Cases
Departmental and service-related disputes.
Examples: Suspension, dismissal, pay fixation, promotions, CAT/AT cases.
11. Arbitration & ADR Cases
Alternative dispute resolution.
Examples: Arbitration petitions, appointment of arbitrator, execution of arbitral awards.
12. Motor Accident Claims (MACT)
Claims for compensation due to road accidents.
Examples: Injury claims, death claims, insurance liability disputes.
13. Intellectual Property Cases (IPR)
Protection of creative and business rights.
Examples: Trademark infringement, copyright violation, patent disputes.
14. Cyber Law Cases
Matters arising out of online activities.
Examples: Online fraud, cyber-stalking, digital defamation, financial scams.
15. Environmental Cases
Handled before NGT and pollution boards.
Examples: Pollution issues, illegal constructions, environmental clearances.
16. Election Cases
Disputes related to elections and candidates.
Examples: Election petitions, disqualification, counting disputes.
Conclusion
These are the major types of court cases in India. Understanding the nature of a case helps in choosing the right court, right procedure, and the right lawyer. If you have a legal issue or need professional guidance, feel free to contact me for proper legal advice.
Comments
Post a Comment